ORGANISATIONAL LEARNING AND BUSINESS LONGEVITY OF FAMILY OWNED TRANSPORT COMPANIES IN SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA
Keywords:
Organisational learning, business longevity, family business
Abstract
The study investigated the nexus between organisational learning (dimensioned by continuous learning and issue orientation) and business longevity (measured by financial strength and strategic perspectives) of family owned transport companies in South-East, Nigeria. The study was underpinned by the Social Learning Theory and the underlying philosophical paradigm is positivism. The research design adopted a cross-sectional survey approach, with a structured questionnaire based on a Likert's five-point scale.The target population comprised 11 family owned transport companies in South-East Nigeria, with national coverage. However, the elements of the accessible population were 480 Supervisors/Managers of the identified family owned transport companies. The Krejcie and Morgan’s table was utilised to determine a sample size of 214 respondents, and the purposive sampling technique was adopted. The Partial least squares-structural equation modeling was deployed to test the hypotheses at 0.05 significance level. The study found that continuous learning has a moderate positive and significant relationship with financial strength. Also, there is a moderate positive and statistically significant relationship between continuous learning and strategic perspectives. Besides, issue orientation has a weak positive and significant relationship with financial strength. However, issue orientation has a weak positive but not significant relationship with strategic perspectives. Therefore, the study recommends that Managers of family-owned transport companies in South-East Nigeria should prioritize continuous learning by investing in training and development programs for employees at all levels, and staying updated on industry trends, technological advancements, and regulatory changes. More so, managers of family-owned transport companies should strengthen issue orientation and foster strategic perspectives as a means of achieving business longevity of the firms.
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References
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Bailey, B. (2024). Transport sector exits recession as rail growth hits two-year high. Business Day. https://www.google.com/amp/s/businessday.ng/business-economy/article/transport-sector-exits-recession-as-rail-growth-hits-two-year-high/%3famp
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120.
Becker, B. E., & Huselid, M. A. (2021). Strategic human resource management: Where do we go from here? Journal of Management, 37(4), 898-925. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311406265
Budiningsih, I., Soehari, T. D., & Supriyanto, E. (2022). Continuous learning for employee capacity developing in personal Mastery at Bank Indonesia. Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE), 5(1), 61–77. https://doi.org/10.23917/ijolae.v5i1.19792
Cendon, E. (2018). Lifelong learning at universities: future perspectives for teaching and learning. Journal New Approaches in Educational Research, 7(2), 81–87. DOI: 10.7821/naer.2018.7.32
Chang, E., Zare, S., & Ramadani, V. (2022). How a larger family business is different from a non-family one? Journal of Business Research, 139(2), 292–302.
Christensen, C. M., & Raynor, M. E. (2013). The innovator's solution: Creating and sustaining successful growth. Harvard Business Review Press.
Cottan, A., Purba, J. T., Parani, R., & Wijaja, A. W. (2023). Exploring the longevity of global foodservice brands; top CEO’s reveal how their companies have survived and thrived for over 50 years. Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974438.2023.2265927
De Jesus Ginja Antunes, H., & Pinheiro, P. G. (2020). Linking knowledge management, organizational learning and memory. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 5(2), 140–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2019.04.002
Eddleston, K. A., & Morgan, R. M. (2014). Trust, commitment and relationships in family business: Challenging conventional wisdom. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(3), 213–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2014.08.003
Garcıa-Lillo, F., Ubeda-Garcıa, M., & Marco-Lajara, B. (2017). The intellectual structure of human resource management research: A bibliometric study of the international journal of human resource management, 2000–2012. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(13), 1786–1815. doi:10.1080/09585192.2015.1128461
Haag, K., Achtenhagen, L., & Grimm, J. (2023). Engaging with the category: Exploring family business longevity from a historical perspective. Family Business Review, 36(1), 84-118. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944865231154835
Haddad, H., Alkhodari, D., Al-Araj, R., Aburumman, N., & Fraij, J. (2021). Review of the corporate governance and its effects on the disruptive technology environment. WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development, 17, 1001-1020.
Hael, M., Belhaj, F. A., & Zhang, H. (2024). Organizational learning and innovation: A bibliometric analysis and future research agenda. Heliyon, 10(11), e31812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31812
Ibrahim, R., Kyando, N., & Kiwonde, F. (2023). Analysis of strategic planning practices and school performance: Evidence from public secondary schools in Tanzania. Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 21(4), 1-12.
Ilo, U. C., Anedo, A. O., & Onwuadiochi, I. C. (2024). Family business ownership and inheritance in an age of globalization: A study of some transport companies of Igbo entrepreneurs in Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 26(6), 01-07.
Jahmurataj, V., Ramadani, V., Bexheti, A., Rexhepi, G., Abazi-Alili, H., & Krasniqi, B. A. (2023). Unveiling the determining factors of family business longevity: Evidence from Kosovo. Journal of Business Research, 159, 113745.
Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing management (15th ed.). Pearson.
Leppänen, P., George, G., & Alexy, O. (2023). When do novel business models lead to high performance? A configurational approach to value drivers, competitive strategy, and firm environment. Academy of Management Journal, 66(1), 1-19.
Löhde, A. S. K., Calabrò, A., & Torchia, M. (2020). Understanding the main drivers of family firm longevity: the role of business family learning. International Studies of Management & Organization, 50(2), 130-152.
Martin, J., Ellström, P., Wallo, A., & Elg, M. (2024). Bridging the policy-practice gap: a dual challenge of organizational learning. The Learning Organization. https://doi.org/10.1108/tlo-05-2023-0079
Mayne, Q., De Jong, J., & Fernandez-Monge, F. (2019). State Capabilities for Problem-Oriented Governance. Perspectives on Public Management and Governance, 3(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1093/ppmgov/gvz023
Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) (2017, April 19). Financial Strength and Ratio Analysis.https://archive.mbda.gov/news/blog/2010/08/financial-strength-and-ratio-analysis.html
Namada, J. M. (2018). Organizational learning and competitive advantage. In Advances in human resources management and organizational development book series (pp. 86–104). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3725-0.ch006
Nasimiyu, A. E. (2024). Cashflow management practices and financial performance of small and medium business enterprises in Kenya. African Journal of Commercial Studies, 4(3), 252–263. https://doi.org/10.59413/ajocs/v4.i3.7
Neill, L., & Hemmington, N. (2021). Responses to Covid-19 from Kiwi hospitallers. Hospitality Insights, 5(1), 6–8. doi:10.24135/hi.v5i1.89
Ngouapegne, C. N. M., & Chinomona, E. (2018). The influence of buyer-supplier trust and buyer-supplier commitment on supply chain relationship longevity in the food retail industry in Gauteng province. Journal of Contemporary Management, 15(1), 198–223.
Nguyen, P. N., Mai, K. N., & Le, T. (2023). Strategic perspectives, creativity, and financial performance in Vietnamese SMEs. Heliyon, 9(9), e20354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20354
Nlebem, A. (2024). Family businesses contribute $200bn to Nigeria’s economy- Report. Business Day. https://www.google.com/amp/s/businessday.ng/business-economy/article/family-businesses-contribute-200bn-to-nigerias-economy-report/%3famp
Nwekpa, K. C., & Wabara, S. T. (2022). Creativity and the performance of family business: A study of ABC Transport Plc., Nigeria. International Journal of Development and Management Review, 17(1), 66-86.
Ogunleye, G. A. (2018). Corporate governance and business sustainability: Lessons from Nigerian firms. Journal of Corporate Governance Studies, 12(2), 56-78. https://doi.org/10.1177/157942419860
Ologunagbe, O. (2022). 5 oldest long-distance road transport companies in Nigeria. Business Day. https://www.google.com/amp/s/businessday.ng/transport/article/5-oldest-long-distance-road-transport-companies-in-nigeria/%3famp
Olubiyi, T. (2022). Secret of long-lasting family businesses. Vanguard Nigeria. https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/02/secret-of-long-lasting-family-businesses/#google_vignette
Onuoha, B. C. (2012). Professionalizing family businesses in the South-East region of Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(9), 199-215.
Onuoha, B. C. (2016). Family businesses: Owning & managing generational enterprises. African Entrepreneurship and Leadership Initiative.
Osho, A. E., & Olusolaomole, M. (2022). Financial strength, financial performance and firm’s value in multinational companies in Nigeria. ACTA Universitatis Danubius, 18(6), 53-66.
Park, C. H. (2022). Problem Formulation and its Role on Innovative Strategies: Evidence from the Field. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2022(1). https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2022.11401abstract
PwC (2021). 10th Family Business Survey: From trust to impact - Why family businesses need to act now to ensure their legacy tomorrow.https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.pwc.com/ng/en/assets/pdf/nigeria-family-business-survey-2021.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwic8vq6m7CIAxUI9rsIHd6JKIAQFnoECDkQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2krN2_MkcUs9XGnbI3DR74
Senge, P. M. (2006). The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization (Rev. ed.). Currency Doubleday
Shafie, A., Hashem, A. E., & Hanafy, H. (2023). Examining the Impact of Strategic Learning on Strategic Vigilance-Empirical Study on selected companies operating in the petroleum sector, Egypt. The Academic Journal of Contemporary Commerical Research, 3(4), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.21608/ajccr.2023.204197.1057
Soelistyawati, M., S., & Ridwan, M. S. (2024). Succession planning and family business longevity: A study on currency exchange companies. Manajemen dan Bisnis, 22(2), 296-312. DOI: 10.24123/jmb.v23i2.764
Stanković, M. (2021). The economic importance of transportation sector. Knowledge - International Journal, 47(1), 143–146. https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701143s
Tao, X., Wang, C. L., Robson, P. J. A., & Hughes, M. (2024). How does team learning from failure facilitate new product performance? The double-edged moderating effect of collective efficacy. Small Business Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-024-00895-2
Taşçı, G. and Titrek, O. (2020). Evaluation of lifelong learning centers in higher education: a sustainable leadership perspective. Sustainability, 12(22), 1–19. DOI: 10.3390/ su12010022
Theophilus, B. (2023). Impact of organizational continuous learning on firm competitiveness in the Nigerian consumer goods and oil and gas industries. International Journal of Novel Research and Development, 8(8), d347-d352.
Tuomi, A., Ashton, M., Ellonen, H. K., & Tussyadiah, I. (2022, January). Innovation in high-end food service during COVID-19 lockdowns. In Proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. doi:10.24251/HICSS.2022.571
Türkeș, M. C., Stăncioiu, A. F., Băltescu, C. A., & Marinescu, R. C. (2021). Resilience innovations and the use of food order & delivery platforms by the Romanian restaurants during the covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(7), 3218-3247.
Wallace, M. D. (2019). Leveraging internal resources for business sustainability in independent quick-service restaurants. (A Doctoral Dissertation, Walden University). Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection.
Yang, M., & Xu, K. (2022). Problem-Solving approaches, working capital management, and new venture performance. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2022(1). https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2022.12170abstract
Yangailo, T. (2023). Understanding strategic planning and continuous improvement: the mediation of quality results and education and training. Economia Aziendale Online – Business and Management Sciences International Quarterly Review, 14(4), 933-940. 10.13132/2038-5498/14.4.1141-1155.
Yavas, T. & Celik, V., (2020). Organisational learning: A scale development study. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 15(3), 820 - 833. DOI: 10.18844/cjes.v%vi%i.5062
Zhou, W., Hu, H., & Shi, X. (2015). Does organizational learning lead to higher firm performance? The Learning Organization, 22(5), 271–288. https://doi.org/10.1108/tlo-10-2012-0061
Akinyele, S. T. (2020). Financial management practices and business longevity in Nigerian SMEs. International Journal of Business Management, 15(3), 24-35. https://doi.org/10.1234/ijbm.2020.0153
AlSaied, M. K., & Alkhoraif, A. A. (2024). The role of organizational learning and innovative organizational culture for ambidextrous innovation. The Learning Organization, 31(2), 205–226. https://doi.org/10.1108/tlo-06-2023-0101
Atarzadeh, Z., & Seyedi, S. M. (2019). The relationship between the use of information technology and organizational learning and creativity of employees of Tejarat Bank (Case Study: Tejarat Bank of Shiraz). Journal of Management and Accounting Studies, 7(03), 15-24.
Bailey, B. (2024). Transport sector exits recession as rail growth hits two-year high. Business Day. https://www.google.com/amp/s/businessday.ng/business-economy/article/transport-sector-exits-recession-as-rail-growth-hits-two-year-high/%3famp
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120.
Becker, B. E., & Huselid, M. A. (2021). Strategic human resource management: Where do we go from here? Journal of Management, 37(4), 898-925. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311406265
Budiningsih, I., Soehari, T. D., & Supriyanto, E. (2022). Continuous learning for employee capacity developing in personal Mastery at Bank Indonesia. Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE), 5(1), 61–77. https://doi.org/10.23917/ijolae.v5i1.19792
Cendon, E. (2018). Lifelong learning at universities: future perspectives for teaching and learning. Journal New Approaches in Educational Research, 7(2), 81–87. DOI: 10.7821/naer.2018.7.32
Chang, E., Zare, S., & Ramadani, V. (2022). How a larger family business is different from a non-family one? Journal of Business Research, 139(2), 292–302.
Christensen, C. M., & Raynor, M. E. (2013). The innovator's solution: Creating and sustaining successful growth. Harvard Business Review Press.
Cottan, A., Purba, J. T., Parani, R., & Wijaja, A. W. (2023). Exploring the longevity of global foodservice brands; top CEO’s reveal how their companies have survived and thrived for over 50 years. Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974438.2023.2265927
De Jesus Ginja Antunes, H., & Pinheiro, P. G. (2020). Linking knowledge management, organizational learning and memory. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 5(2), 140–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2019.04.002
Eddleston, K. A., & Morgan, R. M. (2014). Trust, commitment and relationships in family business: Challenging conventional wisdom. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(3), 213–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2014.08.003
Garcıa-Lillo, F., Ubeda-Garcıa, M., & Marco-Lajara, B. (2017). The intellectual structure of human resource management research: A bibliometric study of the international journal of human resource management, 2000–2012. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(13), 1786–1815. doi:10.1080/09585192.2015.1128461
Haag, K., Achtenhagen, L., & Grimm, J. (2023). Engaging with the category: Exploring family business longevity from a historical perspective. Family Business Review, 36(1), 84-118. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944865231154835
Haddad, H., Alkhodari, D., Al-Araj, R., Aburumman, N., & Fraij, J. (2021). Review of the corporate governance and its effects on the disruptive technology environment. WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development, 17, 1001-1020.
Hael, M., Belhaj, F. A., & Zhang, H. (2024). Organizational learning and innovation: A bibliometric analysis and future research agenda. Heliyon, 10(11), e31812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31812
Ibrahim, R., Kyando, N., & Kiwonde, F. (2023). Analysis of strategic planning practices and school performance: Evidence from public secondary schools in Tanzania. Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences, 21(4), 1-12.
Ilo, U. C., Anedo, A. O., & Onwuadiochi, I. C. (2024). Family business ownership and inheritance in an age of globalization: A study of some transport companies of Igbo entrepreneurs in Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 26(6), 01-07.
Jahmurataj, V., Ramadani, V., Bexheti, A., Rexhepi, G., Abazi-Alili, H., & Krasniqi, B. A. (2023). Unveiling the determining factors of family business longevity: Evidence from Kosovo. Journal of Business Research, 159, 113745.
Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing management (15th ed.). Pearson.
Leppänen, P., George, G., & Alexy, O. (2023). When do novel business models lead to high performance? A configurational approach to value drivers, competitive strategy, and firm environment. Academy of Management Journal, 66(1), 1-19.
Löhde, A. S. K., Calabrò, A., & Torchia, M. (2020). Understanding the main drivers of family firm longevity: the role of business family learning. International Studies of Management & Organization, 50(2), 130-152.
Martin, J., Ellström, P., Wallo, A., & Elg, M. (2024). Bridging the policy-practice gap: a dual challenge of organizational learning. The Learning Organization. https://doi.org/10.1108/tlo-05-2023-0079
Mayne, Q., De Jong, J., & Fernandez-Monge, F. (2019). State Capabilities for Problem-Oriented Governance. Perspectives on Public Management and Governance, 3(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1093/ppmgov/gvz023
Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) (2017, April 19). Financial Strength and Ratio Analysis.https://archive.mbda.gov/news/blog/2010/08/financial-strength-and-ratio-analysis.html
Namada, J. M. (2018). Organizational learning and competitive advantage. In Advances in human resources management and organizational development book series (pp. 86–104). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3725-0.ch006
Nasimiyu, A. E. (2024). Cashflow management practices and financial performance of small and medium business enterprises in Kenya. African Journal of Commercial Studies, 4(3), 252–263. https://doi.org/10.59413/ajocs/v4.i3.7
Neill, L., & Hemmington, N. (2021). Responses to Covid-19 from Kiwi hospitallers. Hospitality Insights, 5(1), 6–8. doi:10.24135/hi.v5i1.89
Ngouapegne, C. N. M., & Chinomona, E. (2018). The influence of buyer-supplier trust and buyer-supplier commitment on supply chain relationship longevity in the food retail industry in Gauteng province. Journal of Contemporary Management, 15(1), 198–223.
Nguyen, P. N., Mai, K. N., & Le, T. (2023). Strategic perspectives, creativity, and financial performance in Vietnamese SMEs. Heliyon, 9(9), e20354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20354
Nlebem, A. (2024). Family businesses contribute $200bn to Nigeria’s economy- Report. Business Day. https://www.google.com/amp/s/businessday.ng/business-economy/article/family-businesses-contribute-200bn-to-nigerias-economy-report/%3famp
Nwekpa, K. C., & Wabara, S. T. (2022). Creativity and the performance of family business: A study of ABC Transport Plc., Nigeria. International Journal of Development and Management Review, 17(1), 66-86.
Ogunleye, G. A. (2018). Corporate governance and business sustainability: Lessons from Nigerian firms. Journal of Corporate Governance Studies, 12(2), 56-78. https://doi.org/10.1177/157942419860
Ologunagbe, O. (2022). 5 oldest long-distance road transport companies in Nigeria. Business Day. https://www.google.com/amp/s/businessday.ng/transport/article/5-oldest-long-distance-road-transport-companies-in-nigeria/%3famp
Olubiyi, T. (2022). Secret of long-lasting family businesses. Vanguard Nigeria. https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/02/secret-of-long-lasting-family-businesses/#google_vignette
Onuoha, B. C. (2012). Professionalizing family businesses in the South-East region of Nigeria. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(9), 199-215.
Onuoha, B. C. (2016). Family businesses: Owning & managing generational enterprises. African Entrepreneurship and Leadership Initiative.
Osho, A. E., & Olusolaomole, M. (2022). Financial strength, financial performance and firm’s value in multinational companies in Nigeria. ACTA Universitatis Danubius, 18(6), 53-66.
Park, C. H. (2022). Problem Formulation and its Role on Innovative Strategies: Evidence from the Field. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2022(1). https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2022.11401abstract
PwC (2021). 10th Family Business Survey: From trust to impact - Why family businesses need to act now to ensure their legacy tomorrow.https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.pwc.com/ng/en/assets/pdf/nigeria-family-business-survey-2021.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwic8vq6m7CIAxUI9rsIHd6JKIAQFnoECDkQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2krN2_MkcUs9XGnbI3DR74
Senge, P. M. (2006). The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization (Rev. ed.). Currency Doubleday
Shafie, A., Hashem, A. E., & Hanafy, H. (2023). Examining the Impact of Strategic Learning on Strategic Vigilance-Empirical Study on selected companies operating in the petroleum sector, Egypt. The Academic Journal of Contemporary Commerical Research, 3(4), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.21608/ajccr.2023.204197.1057
Soelistyawati, M., S., & Ridwan, M. S. (2024). Succession planning and family business longevity: A study on currency exchange companies. Manajemen dan Bisnis, 22(2), 296-312. DOI: 10.24123/jmb.v23i2.764
Stanković, M. (2021). The economic importance of transportation sector. Knowledge - International Journal, 47(1), 143–146. https://doi.org/10.35120/kij4701143s
Tao, X., Wang, C. L., Robson, P. J. A., & Hughes, M. (2024). How does team learning from failure facilitate new product performance? The double-edged moderating effect of collective efficacy. Small Business Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-024-00895-2
Taşçı, G. and Titrek, O. (2020). Evaluation of lifelong learning centers in higher education: a sustainable leadership perspective. Sustainability, 12(22), 1–19. DOI: 10.3390/ su12010022
Theophilus, B. (2023). Impact of organizational continuous learning on firm competitiveness in the Nigerian consumer goods and oil and gas industries. International Journal of Novel Research and Development, 8(8), d347-d352.
Tuomi, A., Ashton, M., Ellonen, H. K., & Tussyadiah, I. (2022, January). Innovation in high-end food service during COVID-19 lockdowns. In Proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. doi:10.24251/HICSS.2022.571
Türkeș, M. C., Stăncioiu, A. F., Băltescu, C. A., & Marinescu, R. C. (2021). Resilience innovations and the use of food order & delivery platforms by the Romanian restaurants during the covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(7), 3218-3247.
Wallace, M. D. (2019). Leveraging internal resources for business sustainability in independent quick-service restaurants. (A Doctoral Dissertation, Walden University). Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection.
Yang, M., & Xu, K. (2022). Problem-Solving approaches, working capital management, and new venture performance. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2022(1). https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2022.12170abstract
Yangailo, T. (2023). Understanding strategic planning and continuous improvement: the mediation of quality results and education and training. Economia Aziendale Online – Business and Management Sciences International Quarterly Review, 14(4), 933-940. 10.13132/2038-5498/14.4.1141-1155.
Yavas, T. & Celik, V., (2020). Organisational learning: A scale development study. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 15(3), 820 - 833. DOI: 10.18844/cjes.v%vi%i.5062
Zhou, W., Hu, H., & Shi, X. (2015). Does organizational learning lead to higher firm performance? The Learning Organization, 22(5), 271–288. https://doi.org/10.1108/tlo-10-2012-0061
Published
2025-06-10
How to Cite
Joseph E. O., O., Thomas C., O., Hubert D., H., & B. Chima, O. (2025). ORGANISATIONAL LEARNING AND BUSINESS LONGEVITY OF FAMILY OWNED TRANSPORT COMPANIES IN SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA. GPH-International Journal of Business Management, 8(05), 17-38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15628340
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 OSHI, Joseph E. O.,, OKOISAMA, Thomas C., HETTEY, Hubert D., ONUOHA, B. Chima
The authors and co-authors warrant that the article is their original work, does not infringe any copyright, and has not been published elsewhere. By submitting the article to GPH-International Journal of Business Management, the authors agree that the journal has the right to retract or remove the article in case of proven ethical misconduct.
