CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF FREQUENT POWER GRID FAILURES IN NIGERIA
Keywords:
Infrastructure Deficiencies, Inadequate Funding, Political Cause, Economic Losses, Daily Life, Businesses
Abstract
This study examines the causes and consequences of frequent power grid failures in Nigeria. Several causes were responsible for the frequent power grid failure in Nigeria such as infrastructure decay, poor maintenance, poor funding and vandalism which had consequently affect the economic and social lives of the country. The aim of this study was examine the causes and consequences of frequent power grid failures in Nigeria. The study adopted cross-sectional survey research design. The population of this study comprised of managers of Port Harcourt Electricity Distribution Company covering Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross Rivers, and Rivers States. There were thirty six (36) managers. The Simple Regression Statistical tool was adopted with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 23). Our findings suggest that infrastructure decay, inadequate maintenance, and vandalism are significant causes of power grid failures, resulting in economic losses and social instability. The study concludes that the causes of frequent power grid failure in Nigeria have significant consequences on the economy, daily life of the people and businesses at large. We recommend that the government invest in infrastructure upgrade, implement effective maintenance strategies, and enhance security measures to prevent vandalism.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Adeoye, O. S. (2021). Power quality issues: Power supply interruptions as key constraint to development in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances, 7(3), 109–117. https://doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.7.3.0052
Adeoye, O. S. (2023). Power grid collapseimpacts on consumers and utility companies in Nigeria. Global Journal of Engineering and Technology [GJET], 2(6), 01-07
Adeoye, O. S., & Adebayo, A. A. (2018). Evaluation of energy supply and demand side management for residential buildings in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Innovative Energy & Research, 07(01), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.4172/2576-1463.1000190
Adeoye, O. S., Ejiko, S. O. & Akinwole, O. O. (2021). Development of Sinusoidal regression model for voltage deviation evaluation in the power quality assessment of Ado-Ekiti Metropolis. International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 8(8), 16–20. https://doi.org/10.14445/23488379/ijeee-v8i8p103
Adeoye, S. & Oladimeji, T. T. (2020). Power generation in Nigeria: The past, present and the future. Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences Research, 2(2), 1-8.
Adzua, P. T. (2021). Resolving the incredible Nigerian national power grid collapse frequency through reliable. SCADA / EMS Deployment. 9(5), 1452–1459.
Airoboman, A. E., Amaize, P., E. Ibhaze, A., & Ayo, O. (2016). Economic implication of power outage in Nigeria: An industrial review.
Airoboman, A. E., Okakwu Ignatius, K., Amaize, P., & Seun Oluwasogo, E. (2015). An assessment of voltage instability in the Nigerian power system network. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources, 4(1), 1-11.
Ajao, K., Ogunmokun, A., Nangolo, F. & Adebo, E., (2016). Electricity transmission losses in Nigeria power sector: A smart grid approach. ATBU, Journal of Science, Technology & Education, 4(2), 47-63.
Akinloye, B. O., Oshevire, P. & Epemu, A., (2016). Evaluation of system collapse incidences on the Nigeria power system. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology, 3(1), 3707-3711.
Akuru, U. & I. Okoro, O. (2017). Economic implications of constant power outages on SMEs in Nigeria.
Aladejuyigbe, O., & Awolusi, O. D. (2021). Global energy poverty: Nigeria as a case study. Information Management and Business Review, 13(3 (I), 14–29.
Alao, O., & Awodele, K. (2018). An overview of the Nigerian power sector, the challenges of its national grid and off-grid development as a proposed solution. 2018 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica, 178–183.
Bello, I., Umar, M. B. & Idakwo, H. O., (2016). Determination of bus voltages, real and reactive power losses in the Northern Nigeria 330Kv network using power system analysis Tool (PSAT). Science Journal of Energy Engineering, 4(5), 35-43.
Ekeng, L., Christopher, A., Hachimenum, A., & Emmanuel, O. (2024). Voltage collapse in Nigeria power system- causes and remedies, IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE), 19(1), 54-63. www.iosrjournals.org
Fasina, T., Adebanji, B., Abe, A., & Ismail, I. (2021). Impact of distributed generation on the Nigerian power network. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 21(3), 1263–1270. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1263-1270
Ibe, A. O., Omorogiuwa, E. & Kayode, I., (2017). Voltage stability analysis of Nigerian power system using distributed generation. Applied Research Journal, 3(2), 53-62.
Ibekwe, B. E., Ikemefuna, J. & Eze, M. N. (2018). Poor power quality and outage in Nigerian power system industry. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 7(6), 22-28
Jimah, K. Q., Isah, A. W., & Okundamiya, M. S. (2019). Erratic and epileptic power supply in Nigeria: Causes and Solutions. Advances in Electrical and Telecommunication Engineering (AETE), 2(1), 47–53.
Jimoh, M. A. & Raji, B. S. (2023). Electric grid reliability: An assessment of the Nigerian power system failures, causes and mitigations, Covenant Journal of Engineering Technology (CJET), 7(1), 17-20
Nyebuchi, A. H. (2015). Impact of power outages on developing countries: evidence from rural households in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy, 5(3), 27-40
Ogunwuyi, O. J., Adio, M. O., Olusola, I. B., Bisiriyu, A. O. & Bamkefa, I. A. (2024). Evaluation of economic consequences of the Nigeria National Grid Collapse, Adeleke University Journal of Engineering and Technology [AUJET], 7(1), 163 – 167
Okafor, E. N. (2017). Vandalism of power infrastructure in Nigeria: Causes and consequences. Journal of Security and Safety, 6(1), 1-10
Okpeki, U. K. & Efenedo, G. I., (2013). Stability and sustainability analysis of power in a deregulated system. International Journal of Science and Technology, 2(3), 243-246.
Oleka, E. U., Ndubisi, S. N. & Ijemaru, G. K., (2016). Electric power transmission enhancement: A case of Nigerian Electric Power Grid. American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 4(1), 33-39.
Olówósejéjé, S., G. Leahy, P., & P. Morrison, A. (2019). The economic cost of unreliable grid power in Nigeria.
Samuel, I. A., Katende, J., Awosope, C. O. A., & Awelewa, A. A. (2017). Prediction of voltage collapse in electrical power system networks using a new voltage stability index. 12(2), 190– 199.
Samuel, I. A., Katende, J., Awosope, C. O. A., Awelewa, A. A., Adekitan, A. I., & Agbetuyi, F. A. (2019). Power system voltage collapse prediction using new line stability index (NLSI-1): A case study of the 330-kV Nigerian National Grid.
Samuel, I., Katende, J., & Ibikunle, F. (2017). Voltage Collapse and the Nigerian National Grid. EIE 2nd International Conference on Energy, Networking, and Telecommunication October.2017, 128-131.
Uche, C., & Vitalis, C. (2018). Evaluation of large system disturbance in the Nigeria electric Power System. 13(6), 30–38. https://doi.org/10.9790/1676- 1306013038
Weiss, M., & Weiss, M. (2019). An assessment of threats to the American power grid. Energy Sustainability and Society, 9(8), 1-9.
Yetano, R. M., Verolme, H., Agbaegbu, C., Binnington, T., Fischedick, M., & Olukayode Oladipo, E. (2019). Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria's power sector : assessment of transition pathways. Climate Policy, 20(7), 846–865. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2019.1661818
Adeoye, O. S. (2023). Power grid collapseimpacts on consumers and utility companies in Nigeria. Global Journal of Engineering and Technology [GJET], 2(6), 01-07
Adeoye, O. S., & Adebayo, A. A. (2018). Evaluation of energy supply and demand side management for residential buildings in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Innovative Energy & Research, 07(01), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.4172/2576-1463.1000190
Adeoye, O. S., Ejiko, S. O. & Akinwole, O. O. (2021). Development of Sinusoidal regression model for voltage deviation evaluation in the power quality assessment of Ado-Ekiti Metropolis. International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 8(8), 16–20. https://doi.org/10.14445/23488379/ijeee-v8i8p103
Adeoye, S. & Oladimeji, T. T. (2020). Power generation in Nigeria: The past, present and the future. Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences Research, 2(2), 1-8.
Adzua, P. T. (2021). Resolving the incredible Nigerian national power grid collapse frequency through reliable. SCADA / EMS Deployment. 9(5), 1452–1459.
Airoboman, A. E., Amaize, P., E. Ibhaze, A., & Ayo, O. (2016). Economic implication of power outage in Nigeria: An industrial review.
Airoboman, A. E., Okakwu Ignatius, K., Amaize, P., & Seun Oluwasogo, E. (2015). An assessment of voltage instability in the Nigerian power system network. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources, 4(1), 1-11.
Ajao, K., Ogunmokun, A., Nangolo, F. & Adebo, E., (2016). Electricity transmission losses in Nigeria power sector: A smart grid approach. ATBU, Journal of Science, Technology & Education, 4(2), 47-63.
Akinloye, B. O., Oshevire, P. & Epemu, A., (2016). Evaluation of system collapse incidences on the Nigeria power system. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology, 3(1), 3707-3711.
Akuru, U. & I. Okoro, O. (2017). Economic implications of constant power outages on SMEs in Nigeria.
Aladejuyigbe, O., & Awolusi, O. D. (2021). Global energy poverty: Nigeria as a case study. Information Management and Business Review, 13(3 (I), 14–29.
Alao, O., & Awodele, K. (2018). An overview of the Nigerian power sector, the challenges of its national grid and off-grid development as a proposed solution. 2018 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica, 178–183.
Bello, I., Umar, M. B. & Idakwo, H. O., (2016). Determination of bus voltages, real and reactive power losses in the Northern Nigeria 330Kv network using power system analysis Tool (PSAT). Science Journal of Energy Engineering, 4(5), 35-43.
Ekeng, L., Christopher, A., Hachimenum, A., & Emmanuel, O. (2024). Voltage collapse in Nigeria power system- causes and remedies, IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE), 19(1), 54-63. www.iosrjournals.org
Fasina, T., Adebanji, B., Abe, A., & Ismail, I. (2021). Impact of distributed generation on the Nigerian power network. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 21(3), 1263–1270. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1263-1270
Ibe, A. O., Omorogiuwa, E. & Kayode, I., (2017). Voltage stability analysis of Nigerian power system using distributed generation. Applied Research Journal, 3(2), 53-62.
Ibekwe, B. E., Ikemefuna, J. & Eze, M. N. (2018). Poor power quality and outage in Nigerian power system industry. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 7(6), 22-28
Jimah, K. Q., Isah, A. W., & Okundamiya, M. S. (2019). Erratic and epileptic power supply in Nigeria: Causes and Solutions. Advances in Electrical and Telecommunication Engineering (AETE), 2(1), 47–53.
Jimoh, M. A. & Raji, B. S. (2023). Electric grid reliability: An assessment of the Nigerian power system failures, causes and mitigations, Covenant Journal of Engineering Technology (CJET), 7(1), 17-20
Nyebuchi, A. H. (2015). Impact of power outages on developing countries: evidence from rural households in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy, 5(3), 27-40
Ogunwuyi, O. J., Adio, M. O., Olusola, I. B., Bisiriyu, A. O. & Bamkefa, I. A. (2024). Evaluation of economic consequences of the Nigeria National Grid Collapse, Adeleke University Journal of Engineering and Technology [AUJET], 7(1), 163 – 167
Okafor, E. N. (2017). Vandalism of power infrastructure in Nigeria: Causes and consequences. Journal of Security and Safety, 6(1), 1-10
Okpeki, U. K. & Efenedo, G. I., (2013). Stability and sustainability analysis of power in a deregulated system. International Journal of Science and Technology, 2(3), 243-246.
Oleka, E. U., Ndubisi, S. N. & Ijemaru, G. K., (2016). Electric power transmission enhancement: A case of Nigerian Electric Power Grid. American Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 4(1), 33-39.
Olówósejéjé, S., G. Leahy, P., & P. Morrison, A. (2019). The economic cost of unreliable grid power in Nigeria.
Samuel, I. A., Katende, J., Awosope, C. O. A., & Awelewa, A. A. (2017). Prediction of voltage collapse in electrical power system networks using a new voltage stability index. 12(2), 190– 199.
Samuel, I. A., Katende, J., Awosope, C. O. A., Awelewa, A. A., Adekitan, A. I., & Agbetuyi, F. A. (2019). Power system voltage collapse prediction using new line stability index (NLSI-1): A case study of the 330-kV Nigerian National Grid.
Samuel, I., Katende, J., & Ibikunle, F. (2017). Voltage Collapse and the Nigerian National Grid. EIE 2nd International Conference on Energy, Networking, and Telecommunication October.2017, 128-131.
Uche, C., & Vitalis, C. (2018). Evaluation of large system disturbance in the Nigeria electric Power System. 13(6), 30–38. https://doi.org/10.9790/1676- 1306013038
Weiss, M., & Weiss, M. (2019). An assessment of threats to the American power grid. Energy Sustainability and Society, 9(8), 1-9.
Yetano, R. M., Verolme, H., Agbaegbu, C., Binnington, T., Fischedick, M., & Olukayode Oladipo, E. (2019). Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria's power sector : assessment of transition pathways. Climate Policy, 20(7), 846–865. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2019.1661818
Published
2025-09-22
How to Cite
Obele, J. D. (2025). CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF FREQUENT POWER GRID FAILURES IN NIGERIA. GPH-International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, 8(8), 56-71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17177026
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Joseph Dada Obele
The authors and co-authors warrant that the article is their original work, does not infringe any copyright, and has not been published elsewhere. By submitting the article to GPH-International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, the authors agree that the journal has the right to retract or remove the article in case of proven ethical misconduct.
Firozpur Jhirka, Haryana, India
