GPH-International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research

PROPOSED SUSTAINABLE HUB FOR THE GAINZA PUBLIC MARKET

Thu, 08 Jan 2026 11:29:54 +0000

This study examined how the operational conditions of the Gainza Public Market—covering its physical infrastructure, management systems, accessibility, inclusiveness, and procurement mechanisms—affected its overall sustainability across economic, social, and environmental dimensions, aligning with SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions). Using a mixed-methods approach anchored in the frameworks of Inclusive Local Economic Development, Community Co-Production, Sustainable Development Governance, and Urban Sustainability and Circular Economy, the study integrated quantitative surveys from consumers, vendors, and market users with qualitative insights from open-ended responses and FGDs involving LGU officials and stakeholders. Descriptive statistics, weighted means, and thematic analysis were applied to primary data. Findings showed generally neutral stakeholder perceptions of accessibility, activation readiness, and procurement inclusion, with Average Weighted Means between 3.18 and 3.72, suggesting operational functionality but limited optimization. Key challenges identified included the market’s location, limited transportation access, incomplete facilities, water and sanitation concerns, and institutional management gaps. Analytical results indicated a clear association between operational conditions and sustainability outcomes, emphasizing how infrastructure quality, governance practices, and service mechanisms shape economic viability and community participation. Qualitative insights further highlighted the need for coordinated physical improvements, stronger governance structures, digital integration, and greater community involvement. Overall, the study concludes that comprehensive interventions in infrastructure upgrading, institutional reforms, inclusive procurement, and stakeholder activation are essential to position the Gainza Public Market as a sustainable and participatory local economic hub.

Efficacy of Public Spending and Economic Growth: The Nigeria Experience (1980–2024)

ANIGBORO, Godwin Simeon — Fri, 09 Jan 2026 10:56:54 +0000

This paper investigates the efficacy of public spending in stimulating economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1980–2024. Drawing on theoretical growth models and a broad empirical literature on government expenditure and growth linkages, the study develops a time-series framework to evaluate whether and how different types of public spending, capital and recurrent, have contributed to growth over four decades characterized by oil booms, structural reforms, and macroeconomic volatility. The study uses cointegration techniques, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing, along with policy-relevant interpretations rooted in Nigeria’s fiscal history, recent macro-fiscal reforms and the 2024 GDP rebasing. The dependent variable used is GDP while CEX, REX, and EXR served as independent variables. The study found that there is a positive and significant relationship between GDP and public expenditures while there is negative but insignificant relationship between GDP and exchange rate over the period. It is recommended that the government can boast the GDP by increasing the public expenditures while keeping the exchange rate stable.

TRENDS IN BADMINTON PARTICIPATION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN HANOI

Huy Hai Duong Dinh, Ngoc Son Ha, Hoang Long Do — Tue, 13 Jan 2026 10:50:56 +0000

The study “Trends in Badminton Participation Among University Students in Hanoi” was conducted to explore the current situation, motivations, frequency, and benefits of playing badminton among the student community. Using a qualitative research method combined with sociological surveys (451 valid questionnaires, including 365 students who know how to play badminton). Data were collected and processed using Excel software, the research results focus on clarifying the trend of playing badminton among students, including: frequency, reasons for playing badminton, benefits, locations, and playing partners. Although this sport brings many benefits, there still exist certain limitations, particularly the potential negative effects on health if practiced incorrectly. In addition, specialized facilities, training movements, and technical guidance… are still incomplete. Based on that, the research team proposes several solutions to promote the habit of playing badminton among university students in Hanoi.

CATFISH URBAN FARMING: A PROPOSED LIVELIHOOD TRAINING PROGRAM IN MABOLO, NAGA CITY

Tue, 20 Jan 2026 10:28:15 +0000

This study, called “Catfish Urban Farming: A Proposed Livelihood Training Program in Mabolo, Naga City,” looked into how catfish (hito) farming in the city could become a steady source of income for the people of Barangay Mabolo. Using a descriptive-quantitative method and thirty (30) participants, the research examined the current situation of small catfish farms and what affects people’s interest in joining, especially the help they get from the government and NGOs. The results showed that although some residents already raise catfish, they face problems like flooding, lack of technical knowledge, poor water quality control, and limited access to organized markets, which lower their production and income. The flooding caused by Typhoon Kristine also led to fish losses and discouraged some farmers from continuing. Even with these problems, many participants said they are willing to do catfish farming if they receive proper training, financial help, equipment, and technical support. Because of this, a two- to three-day training program was suggested to teach pond setup, feeding and disease control, financial management, and cooperative building. The goal of the program is to help the community gain skills, improve farming methods, connect better with markets, and build a long-term and sustainable livelihood in Barangay Mabolo

Co-victims or Antagonists: Some Observations on Farmers and Herders Conflicts in Nigeria

Mordakai Sule Dansonka, Tanko Adihikon Angyetsokwa — Wed, 21 Jan 2026 08:36:59 +0000

Farmers and herders conflict is an example of eco-violence, where scarcity of resources caused by environmental factors led to conflict and violence among competing groups. In Central Nigeria, the conflict is fundamentally a land-use contest between farmers and herders. Although the conflict has taken a dangerous religious and ethnic dimension with devastating effects on ethnic relations, however, the objective of this paper is to identify the underlying causes which has its root in the climate induces degradation of pasture causing increasing violence in the far north and thereby forced herders to move southward. This paper made reference to newspaper publications, statute books, published books and close-group discussion and interview with selected individuals who shared their personal experiences with the authors. The findings reveal that the movement of livestock en mass to the Central Nigeria area caused degradation on the environment resulting in the desolation of the land thereby reducing arable land for cultivation. The overgrazing of the area led to fewer yields in production of crops such as yam, cassava, rice, maize, guinea corn, and soya beans amongst others. Therefore, in a quest to expand their farmland for more yields, farmers swallowed up grazing reserves and block traditional grazing routes. The anti-grazing laws passed by some States of the Central Nigeria was not only geared towards curbing clashes but also to mitigate the environmental impact of the open grazing due to the over grazing of the area.

TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANIES IN RIVERS STATE

BEAUTY RICHARD-ISIGUZO, HANIEL OKORAFOR EKE — Thu, 29 Jan 2026 09:59:13 +0000

This research aimed to examine the correlation between transformational leadership and the organisational performance of telecommunication businesses in Rivers State. A cross-sectional survey approach was employed to assess the study's subjects. The study's population comprises senior personnel from the four main telecommunications providers in Rivers State. The entities include MTN, Globacom, Airtel, and 9mobile. Four hypotheses were evaluated utilising Spearman’s Rank Correlation. The results of these studies indicated a favourable and substantial correlation between transformational leadership and the organisational performance of telecommunications enterprises. The study found that transformational leadership is a validated management strategy for enhancing organisational performance and innovation. The study indicated that management of GSM enterprises aiming to enhance organisational performance should actively inspire and engage staff by assigning them significant responsibilities or activities. This will instill a sense of belonging, therefore enhancing their commitment to not only fulfil their immediate responsibilities but also to contribute to the overarching objectives of the organisation. This signifies that management must choose leaders who inspire employees to foster motivation, commitment, satisfaction, and support the organisation in attaining its objectives and aims. Furthermore, processes must be established to remain informed about changes, particularly in the macro-environment of the organisation. This will empower the organisation to cultivate resilience and adapt to evolving business conditions.

Digital Payment System and Supply Chain Finance: An Analysis of Adoption and Impact

Osondu, Moses Ejike — Thu, 29 Jan 2026 10:34:53 +0000

The paper analyzed the critical position of digital payment systems in the transformative environment of the supply chain finance (SCF) as a solution to the problematic issues of inefficiency and high costs of transactions in conventional payment systems. The objective was to examine the adoption tendencies and a complex influence of these technologies on the efficiency of SCF and financial inclusion. The study was structured using the concepts of the Transaction Cost Economics (TCE), and its secondary quantitative data analysis involved a Vector Autoregression (VAR) model and a Granger Causality test. They discovered that the digital payment systems have been highly implemented in the financing of supply chains, and is highly applicable in Europe and Asia, with Africa as an emerging market, especially Kenya and Nigeria. The results also found almost perfect correlation between digital logistics market and the global supply chain management market. The analysis reveals however no statistically significant prediction relationship showing a complex, symbiotic relation instead of a direct, causal relationship. The paper calculated that digital payments were an essential initiator to a more deft and inclusive SCF framework, but its potential would rely on solutions to enduring systemic and conduct obstacles. Stakeholders were advised to strengthen security in transactions in order to reduce the increase in cyber security threats.

Challenges to the capacity of Local Governments to Advance Democracy in Nigeria

Ugada, Martin Onwudinjo, Anyionu, Samuel Chukwu — Sun, 01 Feb 2026 10:35:15 +0000

In the quest to ensure that government gets down to the grassroots through participatory democracy, local government in Nigeria was established as a third tier after the federal and state levels. Unfortunately this role appears to have eluded the local governments in Nigeria.. This paper sought to investigate the dimensions of the challenges to the advancement of democracy by local governments in Nigeria. To do this, the researchers resorted to use of secondary data. After an extensive research, this paper argued that democracy failed in Nigeria because, as an essential tier of government, the local Government has been rendered ineffective, not only by the other tiers of government, but by the provisions of Section 7(1) of the 1979 Constitution of Nigeria and Section 7 (1) & (6) of the 1999 Constitution. The researchers concluded that there was need to ensure that democratically elected councils should be allowed to thrive in Nigeria. The paper, therefore, recommended that the state Independent Electoral Commissions should be scrapped and in their place, it should be the responsibility of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) to conduct elections into the Local Councils.

Digital Inequality And The New Development Divide In Africa: A Review of Nigerian Experience From Access To Advantage

Sun, 08 Feb 2026 09:25:13 +0000

Digital expansion across Africa has intensified debates on whether connectivity alone is sufficient to drive inclusive development, particularly in countries marked by deep socio-economic inequality such as Nigeria. This paper examined digital inequality and the emerging development divide in Africa through a critical review of the Nigerian experience, with specific attention to the shift from digital access to digital advantage. The objectives of the paper were to analyse the nature and extent of digital inequality in Nigeria, situate the Nigerian experience within the broader African development context, examine how variations in digital access shape socio-economic advantages, and assess the factors influencing the effectiveness of digital inclusion policies in Nigeria. Anchored in Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach, the paper conceptualised digital technologies as resources whose development value depends on people’s ability to convert access into meaningful socio-economic outcomes. The study adopted a systematic review methodology relying on secondary data drawn from peer-reviewed scholarly literature and authoritative institutional sources selected through clearly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings reveal persistent regional, income and educational disparities in digital access and use, with evidence that increased connectivity has not translated into equitable development benefits. Instead, digital inequality reinforces existing socio-economic divides by limiting the ability of disadvantaged groups to utilise digital tools for education, employment and economic participation. The paper concluded that addressing digital inequality in Nigeria requires a shift from infrastructure-centred strategies to capability-enhanced interventions. It therefore recommended integrated policies that prioritise digital skills development, affordability, regional equity in infrastructure provision and alignment of digital inclusion initiatives with broader socio-economic development strategies.

TAX STRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA

Iferi E. Willie, Leyira C. Micah — Tue, 10 Feb 2026 10:41:41 +0000

This study investigates the relationship between tax structure and economic performance in Nigeria. Gross domestic product growth rate and per capital income were proxy for the dependent variables, while direct taxes, indirect taxes. Time series data were sourced between 1996 and 2024, the result of the stationarity test showed the presence of mixed order integration among the variables, this necessitated the use of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag technique for statistical analysis, this technique captured both short-run dynamics and long-run equilibrium relationships. The study uses the Trickle-Down Theory as a theoretical framework and focuses on the transmission of macro benefits in the form of effective taxation and governance. Empirical evidence indicates that indirect taxation positively and statistically impacts both the growth rate of the gross domestic product as well as per capita income, while direct taxation provides a negative and significant impact on per capita income but a statistically insignificant result concerning the growth rate of the gross domestic product. These findings are partly consistent with the apriori expectations and highlight the differential impacts of tax types on macro indicators. This study's findings augment the extant literature of fiscal efficiency in the context of the developing economy by highlighting the prevalence of indirect taxation in promoting the growth of the economy. Hence, the study recommends that there is need to expand value added tax base, at the same time reduce the burden of direct tax on low-income earner.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND TAX ADMINISTRATION IN NIGERIA

Doris Titcombe, Leyira Christian Micah — Tue, 10 Feb 2026 11:12:21 +0000

This study examined the relationship between artificial intelligence and tax administration in Nigeria. A quantitative research design was employed, using a structured questionnaire administered to a purposively selected sample of 552 tax administrators across three states in Nigeria. Of the 232 questionnaires distributed to Delta, Bayelsa, and Rivers States, 202 were returned, reflecting a high response rate of 87.07 percent. Hypotheses were tested using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and the multiple regression analysis technique. Results revealed that Machine Learning has a significant, moderate positive relationship with data collection (r = .521, p < .001), leading to the rejection of the first null hypothesis. However, its relationship with data processing was not statistically significant (r = .092, p = .184), resulting in acceptance of the second null hypothesis. Furthermore, Natural Language Processing showed a significant, moderate positive relationship with both data collection (r = .547, p < .001) and data processing (r = .532, p < .001), leading to the rejection of the third and fourth null hypotheses. Based on these findings, the study recommends that tax authorities strategically adopt Machine Learning to automate and enhance the accuracy of data collection processes, while integrating Natural Language Processing to improve the analysis of unstructured taxpayer communications and documents. The synergistic implementation of these technologies, supported by continuous staff training, is essential for optimizing administrative efficiency and revenue mobilization.

The impact of early childhood education on language learning in third grade students

Fariha Zahid, Dr. Muhammad Naeem Ullah Khan, Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar — Wed, 11 Feb 2026 09:08:38 +0000

This study aimed to analyze the Early Childhood Education (ECE) impact on third-grade students' language learning outcomes in District Gujranwala public schools, Pakistan. It was a concurrent parallel mix method design. The purpose was to explore the how early childhood education influences the language learning in third grade students and also to compare the language learning outcomes of third-grade students with and without ECE. Semi structured interviews was conducted to 5 teachers and two-stage stratified sampling method was chosen from third grade of public schools. The total number of respondents was 400, 200 from ECE schools and 200 from non-ECE schools. Data from respondents was gathered using an adopted English language achievement test. An adopted English language achievement test was used to assess the language learning outcomes of third grade students. For analysis of descriptive and inferential statistics, SPSS software was used. The reliability of the test was .817. The study found that, it has numerous positive effects on children's academic performance, Phonological awareness, Syllable awareness, Rhyming, Alphabet knowledge, Oral language, Print awareness, and, most importantly, the development of sentence understanding and applying knowledge to real-life actions. It also examined that there is a significant difference in the language achievement of third-grade students with and without early childhood education. That calls attention to the impact of early support.