Economic injustice and functional education: Implications for sustainable development in rural communities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria

Abstract

The study aimed to assess the effects of economic injustice on functional education and its consequences for sustainable development in rural communities within Nigeria’s Niger Delta region. This investigation was driven by high unemployment rates, widespread poverty, and the prevailing attitudes of young people toward education in the area. A descriptive survey research design was employed, guided by three research questions. The study's target population consisted of school-aged children and adults residing in rural communities that host major oil and gas pipelines in the region. The research covered communities in Bayelsa, Delta, Rivers, and Edo States, as these areas share similar experiences, often only gaining attention during boundary disputes. The sample included 100 community leaders, 100 primary and secondary school administrators, 100 youth leaders, and 100 opinion leaders (both male and female) from 100 communities across the four states. Participants were selected from 20 local government areas, with five local government areas chosen per state. Within each local government area, five communities were selected using purposive sampling. Both purposive and convenience sampling techniques were employed in selecting respondents. Data collection was carried out using a 37-item structured questionnaire on a four-point rating scale, developed by the researchers. Three experts validated the instrument, and a trial test involving 30 respondents from Anambra State was conducted using the split-half method, yielding an internal consistency reliability score of 0.74. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed with assistance from three trained research assistants, and 389 (97%) were successfully retrieved. Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, were used to analyze and interpret the data. The study revealed significant economic injustice in rural communities hosting oil and gas exploration companies, resulting in stark disparities between urban and rural populations. Many residents struggle to afford basic necessities such as food, healthcare, and education, with limited access to clean water, electricity, and essential public services due to governmental failure to provide adequate education infrastructure. Additionally, school facilities in these areas were found to be insufficient. Based on these findings, the study recommended that the Nigerian Federal and State Governments should enforce corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies for oil companies operating in the Niger Delta, ensuring that they contribute to the provision of functional education in these communities.