WITH A RULER AND A COMPASS AS THE RESTRICTIVE BASE - BECAME A REALITY: THE SOLUTION OF THE ANCIENT UNSOLVED GREEK PROBLEMS

  • Markos Georgallides
Keywords: Ancient Greek Problems; Euclidean Geometry; Ruler and Compass Constructions; Squaring the Circle; Doubling the Cube; Angle Trisection; Constructible Numbers; Galois Theory; Geometric Constructions; Mathematical Logic; Photon Motion; Geometry and Physics

Abstract

a... The Unsolvability of the Three famous Ancient Greek Problems—Doubling the Cube, Trisecting the Angle, and Squaring the Circle -- Stands on the Base justification of the Algebraic Field Theory (specifically GaloisTheory) and the Theory of Constructible Numbers, which were developed in the 19th century.

b... The Greeks often used other Techniques (like Conic sections orMechanical tools) to Solve these Problems, But their self-imposed "Euclidean" constraint, with a Ruler and a Compass ,(straightedge and compass) made these Specific Problems impossible to solve.

c... In the Published Articles [123],[124],[126] , it is clearly evident that the Solution of the Ancient , Unsolved Greek Problems, using a Ruler and a Compass , as the constraint has been set by Euclid], Has Become Possible, and is in the Critique of Both , Human Logic Thinking and , The Artificial Intelligence when it uses The Path of Knowledge to the Truths of Nature, and which is the Dialectic Logic of Euclidean Geometry.

d... From the Published Articles [123] , [124] , [126] , All Steps Follow the Restrictions set by Euclid which are < By A Ruler and a Compass >

In the New Article [125] the Proof is repeated , Both of the Squaring of the circle and the Doubling of the Cube using only a Ruler and a Compass , as well as the Bellow-motion of the Photon with The Photon`s Cloning Method.

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Author Biography

Markos Georgallides

Larnaca, Cyprus (Expelled from Varosha-Famagusta town occupied by the Barbaric Turks in Aug-1974); Civil-Structural Engineer (NATUA), Athens, Greece

References

[1] Matrix Structure of Analysis by J.L. MEEK library of Congress Catalog 1971.

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[8] A Simplified Approach of Squaring the circle.

[9] The Parallel Postulate is depended on the other axioms.

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[11] The Trisection of any angle.

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[16] The decreasing tunnel, by Pr. Florentine Smarandashe.

[17] The Six-Triple concurrency line – points.

[18] Energy laws follow Euclidean Moulds.

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[20] Higgs Boson and Euclidean geometry.

[21] The outside relativity space – energy universe.

[22] Quantization of Points and of Energy.

[23] Quantization of Points and Energy on Dipole Vectors and Spin.

[24] Quaternion, Spaces and the Parallel Postulate.

[25] Gravity as the Intrinsic Vorticity of Points.

[26] The Beyond Gravity Forced fields.

[27] The Wave nature of the geometry dipole.

[28] Planks Length as Geometrical Exponential of Spaces.

[29] The Outside Relativity Space – Energy Universe.

[30] Universe is built only from Geometry Dipole.

[31] Gravity and Planck's Length as the Exponential Geometry Base of Spaces.

[32] The Parallel Postulate and Spaces (IN SciEP).

[33] The fundamental Origin of particles in Planck's Confinement. On Scribd & Vixra (FUNDAPAR.doc).

[34] The fundamental particles of Planck's Confinement (IJPST14-082601).

[35] Origin of fundamental particles (IJPST-E140620-01).

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[37] The Energy-Space Universe and Relativity.

[38] The Parallel Postulate, the other four and Relativity.

[39] Space-time OR, Space-Energy Universe.

[40] The Origin of Maxwell's-Gravity's, Displacement current.

[41] Young's double slit experiment.

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[43] The Expanding Universe without Big-Bang.

[44] The Parallel Postulate and the other four, The Doubling of the Cube, The Special problems and Relativity.

[45] The Moulds for E-Geometry Quantization and Relativity.

[46] [M] The Special Problems of E-geometry and Relativity.

[47] [M] The Ancient Greek Special Problems as the Quantization Moulds of Spaces.

[48] [M] The Quantization of E-geometry as Energy monads and the Unification of Space and Energy.

[49] [51] The Why Intrinsic SPIN (Angular Momentum) ½ -1, Into Particles.

[50] [M] The Kinematic Geometrical solution of the Unsolved ancient – Greek Problems and their Physical nature.

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Published
2026-06-01
How to Cite
Georgallides, M. (2026). WITH A RULER AND A COMPASS AS THE RESTRICTIVE BASE - BECAME A REALITY: THE SOLUTION OF THE ANCIENT UNSOLVED GREEK PROBLEMS. GPH-International Journal of Mathematics, 9(5), 01-23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20492443