Volume 9, Issue 08 of the GPH-International Journal of Biological & Medicine Science (E-ISSN: 3050-9610) presents current research and scholarly perspectives across biological, biomedical, and medical sciences. This issue brings together research addressing emerging scientific questions, advances in biological understanding, healthcare-related investigations, and interdisciplinary approaches that contribute to evidence-based knowledge and scientific progress. The contributions reflect the journal’s commitment to rigorous research, academic integrity, and the dissemination of relevant findings to the international research community.