Influence of Gender Roles on Adoption of Climate-Smart Agricultural Technologies through Extension Delivery in Ogun State, Nigeria
Abstract
This study examined the influence of gender roles on CSA technology adoption through extension delivery in Ogun State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique selected 300 respondents comprising male and female farmers and extension agents. Data were analyzed using Latent Class Analysis (LCA), Binary Logistic Regression, Z-test analysis, and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). LCA identified four distinct classes of CSA technologies promoted through extension: Crop-Centred Adopters (33.0%), Soil and Water Management Adopters (26.0%), Integrated Resilience Adopters (24.0%), and Comprehensive CSA Adopters (17.0%), with the four-class solution demonstrating optimal fit (BIC = 4,802.14; Entropy = 0.876). Logistic regression revealed that education (B = 0.211, p = 0.002), extension contact frequency (B = 0.361, p < 0.001), mobile phone ownership (B = 1.241, p = 0.001), and gender-sensitive training (B = 1.374, p < 0.001) were the most significant predictors of adoption among female farmers. Z-test analysis confirmed significant gender disparities across all adoption categories, with male farmers recording a higher aggregate mean score (3.54 ±0.69) than female farmers (2.55 ±0.81). EFA identified five constraint dimensions explaining 67.41% of total variance: Gender-Based Socio-Cultural Barriers (Eigenvalue = 4.914; α = 0.894), Institutional and Extension System Deficits (3.881; α = 0.861), Economic and Resource Constraints (3.021; α = 0.843), Technology Access and Literacy Barriers (2.594; α = 0.826), and Climate Information and Risk Perception Gaps (2.318; α = 0.811). These findings confirm that gender roles constitute a fundamental structural barrier to equitable CSA technology adoption, calling for gender-transformative extension programming in Ogun State.
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References
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