https://www.gphjournal.org/index.php/bs <p style="font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; color: #333;"><strong>GPH-International Journal of Biological &amp; Medicine Science (e-ISSN&nbsp;<a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/3050-9610" target="_blank" rel="noopener">3050-9610</a>)</strong> is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to advancing research in the biological and medical sciences. The journal publishes original research articles, comprehensive reviews, and innovative case studies covering topics such as biotechnology, clinical research, biomedical engineering, and healthcare innovations. By fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and promoting the translation of scientific discoveries into practical medical applications, the journal provides a global platform for enhancing public health and advancing life sciences.</p> Global Publication House en-US GPH-International Journal of Biological & Medicine Science 3050-9610 <p>Author(s) and co-author(s)&nbsp;jointly&nbsp;and severally represent and warrant that the Article is original with the author(s) and does not infringe any&nbsp;copyright or violate any other right of any third parties, and that the Article has not been published&nbsp;elsewhere.&nbsp;Author(s) agree to the terms that the <strong>GPH Journal</strong> will have the full right to remove the published article on any misconduct found in the published article.</p> https://www.gphjournal.org/index.php/bs/article/view/2537 <p>Herbal medicine has been the most widely practiced medicine in Nigeria, Africa and other parts of the world. The use of herbs for treatment requires scientific knowledge of its phytochemical and histopathological effects. This study evaluated the potential toxic effects of Goko Cleanser, a widely used herbal remedy, on various organs and blood markers in male Wistar rats. A total of twenty rats weighing 160g - 250g were used. The rats were divided into four experimental groups (G1 – 4) according to their body weight. Group 1 rats were given 10ml/kg of normal saline/ distilled water orally, group 2 rats were given1000mg/kg of Goko cleanser, group 3 rats were given 1500mg/kg of Goko cleanser and group 4 rats were given 2000mg/kg of Goko cleanser orally for a period of 21 days. Results showed liver and kidney function tests revealed elevated enzyme levels and structural changes in treated groups. Histological analysis showed inflammation and damage to liver, and kidney tissues at higher doses, though blood cell counts remained mostly unchanged. In conclusion, this study indicated that prolonged or high doses of Goko Cleanser may have risks for liver, kidney, and haematological Parameters, warranting caution in its therapeutic use.</p> Egbunu John Odoma Augustine U. Agu Ibrahim Umar Achema Patience Aladi Ugochukwu J. Ijioma Agbata Benedict Celestine ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2026-09-16 2026-09-16 9 8 01 18 10.5281/zenodo.22793532 https://www.gphjournal.org/index.php/bs/article/view/2588 <p><strong>Aim/Objective:</strong> Male involvement in family planning is not limited to contraceptive use but includes all activities male engage upon such as male support, encouragement, and approval and spousal communication on contraceptive use. This study aims to assess the determinants of male involvement in family planning in Agbura, Bayelsa State. <strong>Methods:</strong> Descriptive study design was adopted for this study. The sample size was determined using the Cochran formula to select all 290 adult male participants for this study. <strong>Results:</strong> Result from this study shows that 235.17% are within the age bracket of 25-34 years, while 80.00% were married, 35.17% had tertiary education, 60.00% were traders, 65.17% were of Christian religion, 65.17% were of a monogamous family structure and 50.00% had 1-3 living children. 34.83% discussed family planning with their spouse, 20.00% visited family planning clinic with their spouse; only 30.00% makes decisions about family planning jointly with spouse, and a handful of men 20.00% used male-centered family planning method while only 17.59% allow their spouse to use contraceptive pills. However 24.83% of men accompanied their partner to a family planning clinic, 55.17% of men personally bought condoms for family planning purposes, 52.41% of men had ever used a modern contraceptive method, 57.59% of men feels that family planning services are easily accessible to men, while most worrisome is that only 34.83% men homes were far from the family planning clinics. Furthermore, 32.31% of men believe that having many children is a sign of wealth or prestige, 22.41% of men said their religious or cultural beliefs forbid the use of family planning, 37.59% feels embarrassed or stigmatized to be seen visiting a family planning clinic, while 34.83% of men believe that men who are involved in family planning are seen as weak or submissive to their wives. Also 57.59% of men prefer to have a large family to ensure inheritance or security<strong>. </strong><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Most the married Christian men are not involved in family planning due to their religion or culture and the belief that family planning is for the weak. Hence men should take action to be responsible husbands and active family planners themselves to reduce the high burden of family expenses that will enable them provide good education for their children.</p> Emmanuel Onokpite, Dr Solomon M. Uvoh, Dr. Ebiowe John Leghemo K. Ebifaghe Mercy I. Theophilus Okuroemi Henrietta O. ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2026-09-16 2026-09-16 9 8 19 29 10.5281/zenodo.22795808